![]() This was mainly the result of lower energy taxation. Revenue from taxes and social contributions as a percentage of GDP fell slightly last year. The 11 billion-euro increase in other revenue was mainly due to higher natural gas revenues through the state-owned company Energie Beheer Nederland (EBN). The one-off solidarity contribution levied on excess profits of fossil fuel companies contributed more than 6 billion to this amount. Of this increase of 39 billion euros, 28 billion came from taxes and social security contributions. ![]() Over the past two decades, the revenue ratio (revenue expressed as a percentage of GDP) has been slightly over 40 percent of GDP, with a small increase in recent years. Government revenue tends to fluctuate in alignment with GDP. This sharp increase is fully in line with the 10 percent rise in GDP. Last year, government revenue rose by 10 percent relative to 2021. Despite the aftermath of the coronavirus crisis and the outbreak of the energy crisis, which led to extra expenditure in 2022, both the revenue and expenditure balance and public debt fell further below the European convergence criteria. Due to the exceptional circumstances, the European Commission temporarily suspended the European budget rules. The European convergence criteria allow a maximum deficit of 3 percent of GDP and a maximum debt level of 60 percent of GDP. The general government balance and government debt are the main indicators for the current public finance conditions. ![]() Statistics Netherlands (CBS) reports this on the basis of initial, provisional figures on government finance over the year 2022. As a percentage of GDP, debt fell by 1.5 percentage points, taking the debt-to-GDP ratio to 51.0 percent by the end of 2022. Government debt rose by 31 billion euros in 2022. There was still a 20-percent budget deficit in 2021, equivalent to 2.4 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). The Dutch government realised a slight surplus of 0.1 billion euros over 2022.
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